# File lib/date.rb, line 1581
  def self.ordinal(y=-4712, d=1, h=0, min=0, s=0, of=0, sg=ITALY)
    unless (jd = _valid_ordinal?(y, d, sg)) &&
           (fr = _valid_time?(h, min, s))
      raise ArgumentError, 'invalid date'
    end
    if String === of
      of = Rational(zone_to_diff(of) || 0, 86400)
    end
    new!(jd_to_ajd(jd, fr, of), of, sg)
  end