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  • objspace/object_tracing.c
  • objspace/objspace.c

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ObjectSpace

The objspace library ↑

The objspace library extends the ObjectSpace module and adds several methods to get internal statistic information about object/memory management.

You need to require 'objspace' to use this extension module.

Generally, you *SHOULD NOT* use this library if you do not know about the MRI implementation. Mainly, this library is for (memory) profiler developers and MRI developers who need to know about MRI memory usage.

Public Class Methods

allocation_class_path(object) → string click to toggle source

Returns the class for the given object.

class A
  def foo
    ObjectSpace::trace_object_allocations do
      obj = Object.new
      p "#{ObjectSpace::allocation_class_path(obj)}"
    end
  end
end

A.new.foo #=> "Class"

See ::trace_object_allocations for more information and examples.

 
               static VALUE
allocation_class_path(VALUE objspace, VALUE obj)
{
    struct allocation_info *info = lookup_allocation_info(obj);
    if (info) {
        return info->class_path ? rb_str_new2(info->class_path) : Qnil;
    }
    else {
        return Qnil;
    }
}
allocation_generation(object) → Fixnum click to toggle source

Returns garbage collector generation for the given object.

class B
  include ObjectSpace

  def foo
    trace_object_allocations do
      obj = Object.new
      p "Generation is #{allocation_generation(obj)}"
    end
  end
end

B.new.foo #=> "Generation is 3"

See ::trace_object_allocations for more information and examples.

 
               static VALUE
allocation_generation(VALUE objspace, VALUE obj)
{
    struct allocation_info *info = lookup_allocation_info(obj);
    if (info) {
        return SIZET2NUM(info->generation);
    }
    else {
        return Qnil;
    }
}
allocation_method_id(object) → string click to toggle source

Returns the method identifier for the given object.

class A
  include ObjectSpace

  def foo
    trace_object_allocations do
      obj = Object.new
      p "#{allocation_class_path(obj)}##{allocation_method_id(obj)}"
    end
  end
end

A.new.foo #=> "Class#new"

See ::trace_object_allocations for more information and examples.

 
               static VALUE
allocation_method_id(VALUE objspace, VALUE obj)
{
    struct allocation_info *info = lookup_allocation_info(obj);
    if (info) {
        return info->mid;
    }
    else {
        return Qnil;
    }
}
allocation_sourcefile(object) → string click to toggle source

Returns the source file origin from the given object.

See ::trace_object_allocations for more information and examples.

 
               static VALUE
allocation_sourcefile(VALUE objspace, VALUE obj)
{
    struct allocation_info *info = lookup_allocation_info(obj);
    if (info) {
        return info->path ? rb_str_new2(info->path) : Qnil;
    }
    else {
        return Qnil;
    }
}
allocation_sourceline(object) → string click to toggle source

Returns the original line from source for from the given object.

See ::trace_object_allocations for more information and examples.

 
               static VALUE
allocation_sourceline(VALUE objspace, VALUE obj)
{
    struct allocation_info *info = lookup_allocation_info(obj);
    if (info) {
        return INT2FIX(info->line);
    }
    else {
        return Qnil;
    }
}
count_nodes([result_hash]) → hash click to toggle source

Counts nodes for each node type.

This method is not for ordinary Ruby programmers, but for MRI developers who have interest in MRI performance and memory usage.

It returns a hash as: {:NODE_METHOD=>2027, :NODE_FBODY=>1927, :NODE_CFUNC=>1798, …}

If the optional argument, result_hash, is given, it is overwritten and returned. This is intended to avoid probe effect.

The contents of the returned hash is implementation defined. It may be changed in future.

This method is not expected to work except C Ruby.

 
               static VALUE
count_nodes(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE os)
{
    size_t nodes[NODE_LAST+1];
    size_t i;
    VALUE hash;

    if (rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "01", &hash) == 1) {
        if (!RB_TYPE_P(hash, T_HASH))
            rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "non-hash given");
    }

    for (i = 0; i <= NODE_LAST; i++) {
        nodes[i] = 0;
    }

    rb_objspace_each_objects(cn_i, &nodes[0]);

    if (hash == Qnil) {
        hash = rb_hash_new();
    }
    else if (!RHASH_EMPTY_P(hash)) {
        st_foreach(RHASH_TBL(hash), set_zero_i, hash);
    }

    for (i=0; i<NODE_LAST; i++) {
        if (nodes[i] != 0) {
            VALUE node;
            switch (i) {
#define COUNT_NODE(n) case n: node = ID2SYM(rb_intern(#n)); break;
                COUNT_NODE(NODE_SCOPE);
                COUNT_NODE(NODE_BLOCK);
                COUNT_NODE(NODE_IF);
                COUNT_NODE(NODE_CASE);
                COUNT_NODE(NODE_WHEN);
                COUNT_NODE(NODE_OPT_N);
                COUNT_NODE(NODE_WHILE);
                COUNT_NODE(NODE_UNTIL);
                COUNT_NODE(NODE_ITER);
                COUNT_NODE(NODE_FOR);
                COUNT_NODE(NODE_BREAK);
                COUNT_NODE(NODE_NEXT);
                COUNT_NODE(NODE_REDO);
                COUNT_NODE(NODE_RETRY);
                COUNT_NODE(NODE_BEGIN);
                COUNT_NODE(NODE_RESCUE);
                COUNT_NODE(NODE_RESBODY);
                COUNT_NODE(NODE_ENSURE);
                COUNT_NODE(NODE_AND);
                COUNT_NODE(NODE_OR);
                COUNT_NODE(NODE_MASGN);
                COUNT_NODE(NODE_LASGN);
                COUNT_NODE(NODE_DASGN);
                COUNT_NODE(NODE_DASGN_CURR);
                COUNT_NODE(NODE_GASGN);
                COUNT_NODE(NODE_IASGN);
                COUNT_NODE(NODE_IASGN2);
                COUNT_NODE(NODE_CDECL);
                COUNT_NODE(NODE_CVASGN);
                COUNT_NODE(NODE_CVDECL);
                COUNT_NODE(NODE_OP_ASGN1);
                COUNT_NODE(NODE_OP_ASGN2);
                COUNT_NODE(NODE_OP_ASGN_AND);
                COUNT_NODE(NODE_OP_ASGN_OR);
                COUNT_NODE(NODE_OP_CDECL);
                COUNT_NODE(NODE_CALL);
                COUNT_NODE(NODE_FCALL);
                COUNT_NODE(NODE_VCALL);
                COUNT_NODE(NODE_SUPER);
                COUNT_NODE(NODE_ZSUPER);
                COUNT_NODE(NODE_ARRAY);
                COUNT_NODE(NODE_ZARRAY);
                COUNT_NODE(NODE_VALUES);
                COUNT_NODE(NODE_HASH);
                COUNT_NODE(NODE_RETURN);
                COUNT_NODE(NODE_YIELD);
                COUNT_NODE(NODE_LVAR);
                COUNT_NODE(NODE_DVAR);
                COUNT_NODE(NODE_GVAR);
                COUNT_NODE(NODE_IVAR);
                COUNT_NODE(NODE_CONST);
                COUNT_NODE(NODE_CVAR);
                COUNT_NODE(NODE_NTH_REF);
                COUNT_NODE(NODE_BACK_REF);
                COUNT_NODE(NODE_MATCH);
                COUNT_NODE(NODE_MATCH2);
                COUNT_NODE(NODE_MATCH3);
                COUNT_NODE(NODE_LIT);
                COUNT_NODE(NODE_STR);
                COUNT_NODE(NODE_DSTR);
                COUNT_NODE(NODE_XSTR);
                COUNT_NODE(NODE_DXSTR);
                COUNT_NODE(NODE_EVSTR);
                COUNT_NODE(NODE_DREGX);
                COUNT_NODE(NODE_DREGX_ONCE);
                COUNT_NODE(NODE_ARGS);
                COUNT_NODE(NODE_ARGS_AUX);
                COUNT_NODE(NODE_OPT_ARG);
                COUNT_NODE(NODE_KW_ARG);
                COUNT_NODE(NODE_POSTARG);
                COUNT_NODE(NODE_ARGSCAT);
                COUNT_NODE(NODE_ARGSPUSH);
                COUNT_NODE(NODE_SPLAT);
                COUNT_NODE(NODE_TO_ARY);
                COUNT_NODE(NODE_BLOCK_ARG);
                COUNT_NODE(NODE_BLOCK_PASS);
                COUNT_NODE(NODE_DEFN);
                COUNT_NODE(NODE_DEFS);
                COUNT_NODE(NODE_ALIAS);
                COUNT_NODE(NODE_VALIAS);
                COUNT_NODE(NODE_UNDEF);
                COUNT_NODE(NODE_CLASS);
                COUNT_NODE(NODE_MODULE);
                COUNT_NODE(NODE_SCLASS);
                COUNT_NODE(NODE_COLON2);
                COUNT_NODE(NODE_COLON3);
                COUNT_NODE(NODE_CREF);
                COUNT_NODE(NODE_DOT2);
                COUNT_NODE(NODE_DOT3);
                COUNT_NODE(NODE_FLIP2);
                COUNT_NODE(NODE_FLIP3);
                COUNT_NODE(NODE_SELF);
                COUNT_NODE(NODE_NIL);
                COUNT_NODE(NODE_TRUE);
                COUNT_NODE(NODE_FALSE);
                COUNT_NODE(NODE_ERRINFO);
                COUNT_NODE(NODE_DEFINED);
                COUNT_NODE(NODE_POSTEXE);
                COUNT_NODE(NODE_ALLOCA);
                COUNT_NODE(NODE_BMETHOD);
                COUNT_NODE(NODE_MEMO);
                COUNT_NODE(NODE_IFUNC);
                COUNT_NODE(NODE_DSYM);
                COUNT_NODE(NODE_ATTRASGN);
                COUNT_NODE(NODE_PRELUDE);
                COUNT_NODE(NODE_LAMBDA);
#undef COUNT_NODE
              default: node = INT2FIX(i);
            }
            rb_hash_aset(hash, node, SIZET2NUM(nodes[i]));
        }
    }
    return hash;
}
count_objects_size([result_hash]) → hash click to toggle source

Counts objects size (in bytes) for each type.

Note that this information is incomplete. You need to deal with this information as only a HINT. Especially, total size of T_DATA may not right size.

It returns a hash as:

{:TOTAL=>1461154, :T_CLASS=>158280, :T_MODULE=>20672, :T_STRING=>527249, ...}

If the optional argument, result_hash, is given, it is overwritten and returned. This is intended to avoid probe effect.

The contents of the returned hash is implementation defined. It may be changed in future.

This method is not expected to work except C Ruby.

 
               static VALUE
count_objects_size(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE os)
{
    size_t counts[T_MASK+1];
    size_t total = 0;
    enum ruby_value_type i;
    VALUE hash;

    if (rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "01", &hash) == 1) {
        if (!RB_TYPE_P(hash, T_HASH))
            rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "non-hash given");
    }

    for (i = 0; i <= T_MASK; i++) {
        counts[i] = 0;
    }

    rb_objspace_each_objects(cos_i, &counts[0]);

    if (hash == Qnil) {
        hash = rb_hash_new();
    }
    else if (!RHASH_EMPTY_P(hash)) {
        st_foreach(RHASH_TBL(hash), set_zero_i, hash);
    }

    for (i = 0; i <= T_MASK; i++) {
        if (counts[i]) {
            VALUE type = type2sym(i);
            total += counts[i];
            rb_hash_aset(hash, type, SIZET2NUM(counts[i]));
        }
    }
    rb_hash_aset(hash, ID2SYM(rb_intern("TOTAL")), SIZET2NUM(total));
    return hash;
}
count_tdata_objects([result_hash]) → hash click to toggle source

Counts objects for each T_DATA type.

This method is not for ordinary Ruby programmers, but for MRI developers who interest on MRI performance.

It returns a hash as: {RubyVM::InstructionSequence=>504, :parser=>5, :barrier=>6,

:mutex=>6, Proc=>60, RubyVM::Env=>57, Mutex=>1, Encoding=>99,
ThreadGroup=>1, Binding=>1, Thread=>1, RubyVM=>1, :iseq=>1,
Random=>1, ARGF.class=>1, Data=>1, :autoload=>3, Time=>2}

# T_DATA objects existing at startup on r32276.

If the optional argument, result_hash, is given, it is overwritten and returned. This is intended to avoid probe effect.

The contents of the returned hash is implementation defined. It may be changed in future.

In this version, keys are Class object or Symbol object. If object is kind of normal (accessible) object, the key is Class object. If object is not a kind of normal (internal) object, the key is symbol name, registered by rb_data_type_struct.

This method is not expected to work except C Ruby.

 
               static VALUE
count_tdata_objects(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
{
    VALUE hash;

    if (rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "01", &hash) == 1) {
        if (!RB_TYPE_P(hash, T_HASH))
            rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "non-hash given");
    }

    if (hash == Qnil) {
        hash = rb_hash_new();
    }
    else if (!RHASH_EMPTY_P(hash)) {
        st_foreach(RHASH_TBL(hash), set_zero_i, hash);
    }

    rb_objspace_each_objects(cto_i, (void *)hash);

    return hash;
}
memsize_of(obj) → Integer click to toggle source

Return consuming memory size of obj.

Note that the return size is incomplete. You need to deal with this information as only a HINT. Especially, the size of T_DATA may not be correct.

This method is not expected to work except C Ruby.

 
               static VALUE
memsize_of_m(VALUE self, VALUE obj)
{
    return SIZET2NUM(memsize_of(obj));
}
memsize_of_all([klass]) → Integer click to toggle source

Return consuming memory size of all living objects. If klass (should be Class object) is given, return the total memory size of instances of the given class.

Note that the returned size is incomplete. You need to deal with this information as only a HINT. Especially, the size of T_DATA may not be correct.

Note that this method does NOT return total malloc’ed memory size.

This method can be defined by the following Ruby code:

def ::memsize_of_all klass = false

total = 0
ObjectSpace.each_object{|e|
  total += ObjectSpace.memsize_of(e) if klass == false || e.kind_of?(klass)
}
total

end

This method is not expected to work except C Ruby.

 
               static VALUE
memsize_of_all_m(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
{
    struct total_data data = {0, 0};

    if (argc > 0) {
        rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "01", &data.klass);
    }

    rb_objspace_each_objects(total_i, &data);
    return SIZET2NUM(data.total);
}
reachable_objects_from(obj) → array or nil click to toggle source
MRI specific feature

Return all reachable objects from `obj’.

This method returns all reachable objects from `obj’. If `obj’ has two or more references to the same object `x’, then returned array only includes one `x’ object. If `obj’ is a non-markable (non-heap management) object such as true, false, nil, symbols and Fixnums (and Flonum) then it simply returns nil.

If `obj’ has references to an internal object, then it returns instances of `ObjectSpace::InternalObjectWrapper’ class. This object contains a reference to an internal object and you can check the type of internal object with `type’ method.

If `obj’ is instance of `ObjectSpace::InternalObjectWrapper’ class, then this method returns all reachable object from an internal object, which is pointed by `obj’.

With this method, you can find memory leaks.

This method is not expected to work except in C Ruby.

Example:

ObjectSpace.reachable_objects_from(['a', 'b', 'c'])
#=> [Array, 'a', 'b', 'c']

ObjectSpace.reachable_objects_from(['a', 'a', 'a'])
#=> [Array, 'a', 'a', 'a'] # all 'a' strings have different object id

ObjectSpace.reachable_objects_from([v = 'a', v, v])
#=> [Array, 'a']

ObjectSpace.reachable_objects_from(1)
#=> nil # 1 is not markable (heap managed) object

 
               static VALUE
reachable_objects_from(VALUE self, VALUE obj)
{
    if (rb_objspace_markable_object_p(obj)) {
        VALUE ret = rb_ary_new();
        struct rof_data data;

        if (rb_typeddata_is_kind_of(obj, &iow_data_type)) {
            obj = (VALUE)DATA_PTR(obj);
        }

        data.refs = st_init_numtable();
        data.internals = rb_ary_new();

        rb_objspace_reachable_objects_from(obj, reachable_object_from_i, &data);

        st_foreach(data.refs, collect_values, (st_data_t)ret);
        return ret;
    }
    else {
        return Qnil;
    }
}
trace_object_allocations { block } click to toggle source

Starts tracing object allocations from the ObjectSpace extension module.

For example:

require 'objspace'

class C
  include ObjectSpace

  def foo
    trace_object_allocations do
      obj = Object.new
      p "#{allocation_sourcefile(obj)}:#{allocation_sourceline(obj)}"
    end
  end
end

C.new.foo #=> "objtrace.rb:8"

This example has included the ObjectSpace module to make it easier to read, but you can also use the “ObjectSpace::trace_object_allocations” notation.

 
               static VALUE
trace_object_allocations(VALUE objspace)
{
    struct traceobj_arg arg;

    arg.newobj_trace = rb_tracepoint_new(0, RUBY_INTERNAL_EVENT_NEWOBJ, newobj_i, &arg);
    arg.freeobj_trace = rb_tracepoint_new(0, RUBY_INTERNAL_EVENT_FREEOBJ, freeobj_i, &arg);
    arg.object_table = st_init_numtable();
    arg.str_table = st_init_strtable();

    arg.prev_traceobj_arg = traceobj_arg;
    traceobj_arg = &arg;

    rb_tracepoint_enable(arg.newobj_trace);
    rb_tracepoint_enable(arg.freeobj_trace);

    return rb_ensure(rb_yield, Qnil, stop_trace_object_allocations, (VALUE)&arg);
}