Resolve host and return name and address information for it, similarly to gethostbyname(3). host can be a domain name or the presentation format of an address.

Returns an array of information similar to that found in a +struct hostent+:

  - cannonical name: the cannonical name for host in the DNS, or a
    string representing the address
  - aliases: an array of aliases for the canonical name, there may be no aliases
  - address family: usually one of Socket::AF_INET or Socket::AF_INET6
  - address: a string, the binary value of the +struct sockaddr+ for this name, in
    the indicated address family
  - ...: if there are multiple addresses for this host,  a series of
    strings/+struct sockaddr+s may follow, not all necessarily in the same
    address family. Note that the fact that they may not be all in the same
    address family is a departure from the behaviour of gethostbyname(3).

Note: I believe that the fact that the multiple addresses returned are not necessarily in the same address family may be a bug, since if this function actually called gethostbyname(3), ALL the addresses returned in the trailing address list (h_addr_list from struct hostent) would be of the same address family! Examples from my system, OS X 10.3:

  ["localhost", [], 30, "\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\001", "\177\000\000\001"]
    and
  ["ensemble.local", [], 30, "\376\200\000\004\000\000\000\000\002\003\223\377\376\255\010\214", "\300\250{\232" ]

Similar information can be returned by Socket.getaddrinfo if called as:

   Socket.getaddrinfo(+host+, 0, Socket::AF_UNSPEC, Socket::SOCK_STREAM, nil, Socket::AI_CANONNAME)

Examples

  Socket.gethostbyname "example.com"
  => ["example.com", [], 2, "\300\000\"\246"]

This name has no DNS aliases, and a single IPv4 address.

  Socket.gethostbyname "smtp.telus.net"
  => ["smtp.svc.telus.net", ["smtp.telus.net"], 2, "\307\271\334\371"]

This name is an an alias so the canonical name is returned, as well as the alias and a single IPv4 address.

  Socket.gethostbyname "localhost"
  => ["localhost", [], 30, "\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\001", "\177\000\000\001"]

This machine has no aliases, returns an IPv6 address, and has an additional IPv4 address.

host can also be an IP address in presentation format, in which case a reverse lookup is done on the address:

  Socket.gethostbyname("127.0.0.1")
  => ["localhost", [], 2, "\177\000\000\001"]

  Socket.gethostbyname("192.0.34.166")
  => ["www.example.com", [], 2, "\300\000\"\246"]

See

See: Socket.getaddrinfo

Opens a TCP connection to remote_host on remote_port. If local_host and local_port are specified, then those parameters are used on the local end to establish the connection.

[Source]

/*
 * call-seq:
 *    TCPSocket.new(remote_host, remote_port, local_host=nil, local_port=nil)
 *
 * Opens a TCP connection to +remote_host+ on +remote_port+.  If +local_host+
 * and +local_port+ are specified, then those parameters are used on the local
 * end to establish the connection.
 */
static VALUE
tcp_init(argc, argv, sock)
     int argc;
     VALUE *argv;
     VALUE sock;
{
    VALUE remote_host, remote_serv;
    VALUE local_host, local_serv;

    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "22", &remote_host, &remote_serv,
                        &local_host, &local_serv);

    return init_inetsock(sock, remote_host, remote_serv,
                        local_host, local_serv, INET_CLIENT);
}